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Reframing The Dirty Dozen - Part 3

In parts one and two of this blog, we explored six of the "Dirty Dozen" human factors that contribute to errors and incidents in diving: lack of communication, distractions, lack of resources, stress, complacency and lack of teamwork. These factors, originally developed by Gordon Dupont, offer a ...

Instrutor Tóxico: Porque uma maçã podre estraga o cesto inteiro

Muitas vezes falamos sobre segurança no mergulho em termos de equipamentos, procedimentos e normas. Mas aqui está a verdade incômoda: geralmente, as maiores ameaças à segurança do mergulho não vêm daí — elas vêm dos mergulhadores, às vezes na forma de má liderança. Deixe-me compartilhar uma situ...

Instructor Toxicity: Why one bad apple really does spoil the bunch

We often talk about safety in diving in terms of equipment, procedures, and standards. But here’s the uncomfortable truth: usually, the biggest threats to dive safety don’t come from them — they come from the divers, sometimes in the form of poor leadership. Let me share a real situation that un...

What We Get Wrong About Psychological Safety in Diving

Psychological safety appears to have become a buzzword in diving, cropping up in social media, team debriefs, and conversations around leadership and performance. That is encouraging and great to see, because changing the language can change the world. However, popularity also breeds assumptions,...

Designing Checklists that work. Slowing down to get it right.

Effective decision-making in diving—and in many other high-risk activities—relies on both intuitive (System 1) and analytical (System 2) thinking. System 1 (S1) is fast, intuitive, and relies on heuristics, while System 2 (S2) is slower, more deliberate, and energy-intensive. Because S1 is effici...

'They Lost Situation Awareness'

‘They lost situation awareness… pay more attention!’ How many times have you heard this phrase to explain why an adverse event occurred? Pick any online forum that discusses a diving incident and you’ll be sure to see numerous comments describing the cause as a ‘loss of situation awareness’, acc...

The Challenge of Psychological Safety

Within the Human diver, we talk a lot about psychological safety, about the fact that when psychological safety is present, the team is more efficient, more successful, more engaged. We also say that as leaders and/or instructors, we should aim for psychological safety within our group. But how l...

CCR Diver Goes Hypoxic on Surface – What Causal Reasoning Taught Me About Learning from Events

An experienced CCR diver with 100s of dives was kitting up for a dive on a liveaboard boat. As the diver was about to get up from the bench, having not done their pre-dive checks on their rebreather, they realised they were light-headed and looked down to check the loop pO2 - their rebreather han...

You can’t risk assess a hazard you don’t know about: DeltaP

Life is full of hazards, those things (threats) that can harm or kill you, and we use experience, processes, and rules to identify the threat, control the harm that can come from the hazard, and/or mitigate the effects if the barriers fail and we encounter the threat. Drowning is a hazard we con...

I thought: "WTF did you just say?" I actually said: ....nothing. How to say when it’s not okay

Here's the scenario. You’re on a boat preparing for a dive on the wreck of the Maine, a beautiful wreck in 30m/100ft off the South Coast of the UK. Although the wind is biting, the social nature of UK diving is keeping things warm. A newer diver, Sarah, is being briefed by the group’s self-appoin...